Friday, February 27, 2009

Contoh emergency preparedness

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

 What are the potential losses in an emergency?  

-          Personal Injury or Death

-          Property Damage

-          Environmental Damage

-          Business Losses

 What is the best way to minimize potential losses?


Advanced planning for emergencies

Who is ultimately responsible for emergency planning?

The highest levels of management who know the facility's resources, operations and capabilities

 What then is the part of the Safety Professional in emergency planning?

      Act as the consultant

      Guide line management through the process of identifying potential emergency events

      Develop primary and alternative plans of emergency response

 First Concerns in Emergency Planning

      Safety of employees and the general public

       Short term and long term needs

       Methods of protecting operations, property and environment

       Restore business to normal operations

 Emergency plans involve organization and training on:

      Evacuation

       Firefighting

       Rescue

       Spill Response / Hazard Control

       First Aid

      Security

 Basic Elements of an Emergency Plan

  1. Command Organization and Functions
  2. Communications and alarm / detection
  3. Emergency Staff Personnel
  4. Procedures that deal with:

      Environmental conditions

      Hazard control

      Evacuation

      Power Interruption

       Security and Violence

  Developing an Emergency Plan

 Identify and evaluate potential disasters.

  1. Assess the potential harm to people, property and environment
  2. Estimate the needed warning time to mobilize the plan
  3. Determine what changes must be made in company operations
  4. Consider power supplies and utilities needed to handle the emergency.

 An Emergency Plan must clearly state

      Who does what, where and when

      "How" – before, during and after the emergency

 Types of Emergencies

-          Fire and Explosion

-          Natural Calamities

-          Flood

-          Typhoon

-          Earthquake

-          Volcanic Eruption

-          Man-made Disasters

-          Civil Strife

-          Sabotage

-          Work Accidents

-          Plant Shutdowns

-          Hazardous materials release

-          Weather-related emergencies

 Plan of Action considerations

  • Program considerations
  • Establishing a chain of command
  • Training
  • Hazardous Waste / Spills Emergencies
  • Shutdowns and evacuation procedures
  • Command Headquarters
  • Auxiliary Power and Communication Systems
  • Emergency Equipment
  • Alarm System
  • Fire Brigade  
  • Facility Protection and Security
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Warden Services and Evacuation
  • Transportation
  • Communications

   Basic Guidelines to Follow in Establishing the Chain of Command

 Keep the chain as small as practical.

  • Appoint personnel to crisis management positions based not on their title but on their ability to respond to situations under extreme stress.

  Essential considerations in preparing an Emergency Preparedness Program

  • Company Safety Policy
  • Assessment of present hazards and possible emergency situations from company operations,materials, processes and activities. These include fire, natural calamities, security threat, hazardous materials, environmental damage, biological contamination, earthquakes, etc.
  • Assessment of resources needed for each emergency. This includes facilities, materials, transport, communications, medical and handling equipment
  • Establish communications procedures
  • Establish emergency action procedures
  • Establish evacuation, rescue and medical procedures
  • Establish coordination / support protocol with government or other organizations

 Outline of an Emergency Manual / Handbook

  1. Company policy, purpose, authority, principal control measures and emergency organizational chart showing positions and functions.
  2. Description of expected disasters with a risk statement
  3. Map of the plant, office or store showing equipment, medical and first aid, fire control apparatus, shelter, command center, evacuation routes and assembly areas.
  4. List of cooperating agencies and how to reach them
  5. Plant warning signs
  6. Central command center, including home contacts of employees
  7. Shut-down procedures, including security protection
  8. How to handle visitors and customers
  9. Locally related and necessary item
  10. List of requirements and resources and where they can be reached.

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