EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
What are the potential losses in an emergency?
- Personal Injury or Death
- Property Damage
- Environmental Damage
- Business Losses
What is the best way to minimize potential losses?
Advanced planning for emergencies
Who is ultimately responsible for emergency planning?
The highest levels of management who know the facility's resources, operations and capabilities
What then is the part of the Safety Professional in emergency planning?
Act as the consultant
Guide line management through the process of identifying potential emergency events
Develop primary and alternative plans of emergency response
First Concerns in Emergency Planning
Safety of employees and the general public
Short term and long term needs
Methods of protecting operations, property and environment
Restore business to normal operations
Emergency plans involve organization and training on:
Evacuation
Firefighting
Rescue
Spill Response / Hazard Control
First Aid
Security
Basic Elements of an Emergency Plan
- Command Organization and Functions
- Communications and alarm / detection
- Emergency Staff Personnel
- Procedures that deal with:
Environmental conditions
Hazard control
Evacuation
Power Interruption
Security and Violence
Developing an Emergency Plan
Identify and evaluate potential disasters.
- Assess the potential harm to people, property and environment
- Estimate the needed warning time to mobilize the plan
- Determine what changes must be made in company operations
- Consider power supplies and utilities needed to handle the emergency.
An Emergency Plan must clearly state
Who does what, where and when
"How" – before, during and after the emergency
Types of Emergencies
- Fire and Explosion
- Natural Calamities
- Flood
- Typhoon
- Earthquake
- Volcanic Eruption
- Man-made Disasters
- Civil Strife
- Sabotage
- Work Accidents
- Plant Shutdowns
- Hazardous materials release
- Weather-related emergencies
Plan of Action considerations
- Program considerations
- Establishing a chain of command
- Training
- Hazardous Waste / Spills Emergencies
- Shutdowns and evacuation procedures
- Command Headquarters
- Auxiliary Power and Communication Systems
- Emergency Equipment
- Alarm System
- Fire Brigade
- Facility Protection and Security
- Emergency Medical Services
- Warden Services and Evacuation
- Transportation
- Communications
Basic Guidelines to Follow in Establishing the Chain of Command
Keep the chain as small as practical.
- Appoint personnel to crisis management positions based not on their title but on their ability to respond to situations under extreme stress.
Essential considerations in preparing an Emergency Preparedness Program
- Company Safety Policy
- Assessment of present hazards and possible emergency situations from company operations,materials, processes and activities. These include fire, natural calamities, security threat, hazardous materials, environmental damage, biological contamination, earthquakes, etc.
- Assessment of resources needed for each emergency. This includes facilities, materials, transport, communications, medical and handling equipment
- Establish communications procedures
- Establish emergency action procedures
- Establish evacuation, rescue and medical procedures
- Establish coordination / support protocol with government or other organizations
Outline of an Emergency Manual / Handbook
- Company policy, purpose, authority, principal control measures and emergency organizational chart showing positions and functions.
- Description of expected disasters with a risk statement
- Map of the plant, office or store showing equipment, medical and first aid, fire control apparatus, shelter, command center, evacuation routes and assembly areas.
- List of cooperating agencies and how to reach them
- Plant warning signs
- Central command center, including home contacts of employees
- Shut-down procedures, including security protection
- How to handle visitors and customers
- Locally related and necessary item
- List of requirements and resources and where they can be reached.
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